What are the primary sources of revenue for the EU budget?

The primary sources of revenue for the EU budget include contributions from member states based on their gross national income (GNI), value-added tax (VAT) revenues, and import duties on goods entering the EU. These components play significant roles in financing various aspects of the EU's activities, including regional development, agricultural support, and administrative costs.

Contributions based on GDP percentages ensure that wealthier member states contribute more to the budget, reflecting their economic capacity. VAT revenues provide another stable source of income, as they are based on consumption patterns across member states. Import duties further strengthen this revenue stream by taxing goods as they enter the EU, thereby both generating income and serving as a trade regulation tool.

While taxes on businesses and individuals, donations from private organizations, and some other forms of revenue may contribute to national budgets or specific funds, they do not constitute the primary sources of revenue for the EU budget as outlined in the question. This understanding highlights the EU's reliance on structured, predictable revenue sources that align with its economic policies and collective agreements among member nations.