What should an expert do if he/she has a conflict of interest (COI)?

When an expert encounters a conflict of interest (COI), the most appropriate action is to disclose the conflict and recuse themselves from any decision-making related to that conflict. This approach is critical because it upholds ethical standards and maintains transparency within the project or organization. By disclosing the COI, the expert allows relevant stakeholders to understand the potential bias and take the necessary steps to manage or mitigate it. Recusal from decision-making ensures that the expert's personal interests do not interfere with the objectivity required in the project, thereby fostering trust and integrity among team members and stakeholders.

Avoiding project-related decisions entirely, while seemingly prudent, may not be practical or necessary in every situation and could hinder project progress. Ignoring the conflict and continuing as normal is unethical and could lead to flawed decision-making or outcomes. Seeking advice from colleagues without disclosing the conflict fails to address the fundamental issue, as it does not provide the necessary context for them to understand the potential biases at play. Hence, the most responsible course of action is to disclose the COI and remove oneself from related decisions to preserve ethical standards in project management.